This paper establishes a spatial counting model via China’s 2008 to 2019 provincial panel data to study the relationship between traffic infrastructures and manufacturing’s exporting technical complexity, and to analyze the mediating effect mechanism of research & development staff turnover. Empirical study indicates that all traffic infrastructures positively promote the local manufacturing’s exporting technical complexity, but negatively on its surrounding areas mainly because traffic infrastructures promote trans-area turnover of R&D staff, increase the innovative elements conglomeration locally, leading to surrounding resources being relocated to locality, impairing their manufacturing productivities in the surrounding areas, and finally constraining the increase of manufacturing’s exporting technical complexity. Roads play a stronger role than rails. This paper presents references for local governments to develop their infrastructures according to their locality advantages and to boost a trans-area coordinated development of infrastructures.

Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macro Great Bay Area (the Great Bay) plays a vital role in leading the global economy and technical advances by its abundant natural resources and featured openness. The overflow effect of foreign direct investment can realize the manufacturing agglomeration in the Great Bay, which has become a key path to the Great Bay's openness and diversification. This paper uses locality entropy to estimate the agglomeration of the Great Bay's manufacturing and its detailed industries during 2010 to 2019 and applies SEM and SDM to study the impacts of foreign direct investment on manufacturing agglomeration. Results show that the Great Bay has specific industrial division and notable industrial agglomeration. Here foreign direct investment has a remarkable spatial overflow effect on manufacturing agglomeration with impact coefficients at 0.213 and 0.121 under neighboring matrix and economic geographical matrix, respectively. Market size and technical innovation have impacting coefficients at 0.063 and 0.316 on the local manufacturing agglomeration, boosting the local manufacturing. Capital stock promotes the neighboring manufacturing agglomeration with an impacting coefficient at 0.918. This paper concludes that advantages of the Great Bay's industrial agglomeration can lead a balanced development for the entire Guangdong province or even for the global Zhu Delta area's industries. 

This paper studies the current water pollution in the Yangtze River Economic Belt temporally and spatially, explores the impacts of heterogeneous environmental regulations on water environmental pollution and provides references for promoting appropriate use of water resources and green development. Based on eleven provinces' panel data from 2009 to 2019, this paper studies the temporal-spatial features of water environmental pollution, and uses Moran's Index to analyze its spatial auto-correlation, and applies spatial Dobbin model to elaborate the spatial overflowing effect of heterogeneous environmental regulations. The results show that water environmental pollution discharge is rising, faster in the upper-reach, slower in the middle- and down-reach under certain controls. The water environmental pollution is of clear spatial distribution showing a decreasing trend from down-reach to upper-reach. Command-controlling regulations can obviously restrain water environmental pollution discharge, especially under the economic matrix; however, market-stimulated environmental regulations do the contrast, and public-volunteer environmental regulations do little. Command-controlling environmental regulations have a negative spatial overflowing effect on water environmental pollution of neighboring provinces/cities; market-stimulated environmental regulations do less, and public-volunteer environmental regulations do little, which means public involvement should be intensified. It concludes that the Yangtze River Economic Belt is still not good in water environmental pollution, which needs further controls. Although command-controlling regulations are the best means to curb water environmental pollution, public involvement shall also be taken into consideration. Appropriate approaches vary with areas. This paper presents suggestions on cultivating space awareness and boosting collaborative controls.

Water eco-environmental problems in Yangtze River economic zone attract more and more public attention. Gray water footprint as a marker to pollution degree is largely accepted. Estimation of industrial gray water footprints in Yangtze River economic zone is key to reach a quality economic development. This paper uses provincial input-output tables in Yangtze River economic zone in 2002, 2007 and 2012 to compile gray water footprint input-output table of Yangtze River economic zone, and estimates their gray water emission coefficients and footprints on imported industries. During 2002 to 2012, their direct, indirect and complete gray water emission coefficients in 16 industries are declining, and 12 are falling in complete gray water footprint while four rising which include food & tobacco industry, wood and furniture manufacturing, petrochemical industry and construction because of their expanding sizes, directly in construction and indirectly in the other 3 industries.

This paper utilizes SBM(slack based model) to estimate the green efficiency of water resources in Yangtze river economic zone from 2004 to 2018, which is compared with the traditional economic efficiency and environmental efficiency to study its dynamic changes. Moran's index and spatial Dubin model are employed to analyze its spatial autocorrelation and spatial overflow effect to determine the factors influencing water resources green efficiency, in an attempt to promote green use and optimized allocation of water resources in Yangtze river economic zone. Study shows that the green efficiency of water resources in Yangtze river economic zone is declining windingly, more in upper- and middle-stream. The green efficiency of water resources is also of spatial concentration, obviously constrained by its vicinities in economy, environmental regulations, industrialized level and proportion of the third industry, but spatially overflowed in openness, urbanization, resources and agricultural water use rate. This paper presents suggestions on establishing mutual management of eco-environment, boosting openness, intensifying urbanization, improving infrastructures and increasing capital and technical inputs.

This paper, according to China's 30 provinces' panel data 2000 to 2016, uses non-expected DEA model to estimate China's whole element energy efficiency, and employs panel data model and media effect model to verify the media effect of technical advances during which financial growth pushes whole element energy efficiency. China's financial development level and energy efficiency generally show a rising trend, varying with regions, much higher in eastern China than in the central and western. Vertically financial growth shows the same changing trend as energy efficiency. Horizontally, the eastern China of highest financial growth level is also of highest whole element energy efficiency. Technical advance imposes a distinguished media effect during financial growth acting on the whole element energy efficiency.

This paper, based on world natural gas reserves, expands the exploration and utilization status of China^,s natural gas and the trend, and presents approaches. China is abundant in natural gasresource, but there are many issues in its development and utilization. The production is lagging behind the demand, which is a conflict. The natural gas has a small proportion in energy consumption, whichis mainly used in chemicals and power departments. Approaches to natural gas are presented as intensifying exploration, speeding up infrastructures in transportation, restore and utilization, setting up natural gas laws, etc.